The earth is known as the blue planet because nearly three-quarters of its surface is covered by water. Almost all of this water is found in the oceans and is too salty to be used for drinking, cleaning, or farming. However, it is possible to turn saltwater into freshwater. Unfortunately, this process is expensive and consumes a lot of energy. 

Most of Earth’s freshwater is found in ice caps and glaciers like Greenland and Antarctica. Some can also be found in groundwater in caverns and aquifers where a layer of rock is saturated with water deep beneath the ground. 

Groundwater can be extracted for human use. However, it’s best to limit pumping to keep from draining aquifers and lowering the water table (the underground water supply). 

Surface water is found in lakes and rivers. While it is only a small fraction of water on Earth, it’s where most people get the water they need for industry, agriculture, and sanitation. This is why water conservation is so important!